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Atom interferometer
An atom interferometer is an interferometer which uses the wave character of atoms. Similar to optical interferometers, atom interferometers measure the difference in phase between atomic matter waves along different paths. Atom interferometers have many uses in fundamental physics including measurements of the gravitational constant, the fine-structure constant, the universality of free fall, and have been proposed as a method to detect gravitational waves.〔S. Dimopoulos, et al., ("Gravitational wave detection with atom interferometry" ) ''Physics Letters B'' 678, 1 (2008).〕 They also have applied uses as accelerometers, rotation sensors, and gravity gradiometers.
==Overview==
Interferometry inherently depends on the wave nature of the object. As pointed out by de Broglie in his PhD-thesis, particles, including atoms, can behave like waves (the so-called wave-particle duality, according to the general framework of quantum mechanics). More and more high precision experiments now employ atom interferometers due to their short de Broglie wavelength. Some experiments are now even using molecules to obtain even shorter de Broglie wavelengths and to search for the limits of quantum mechanics.〔K. Hornberger et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 157(2011).〕 In many experiments with atoms, the roles of matter and light are reversed compared to the laser based interferometers, i.e. the beam splitter and mirrors are lasers while the source instead emits matter waves (the atoms).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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